CentOS6.5上nginx通过location实现类似UserDir以及虚拟主机功能

搭建网站时，除了网站本身，我们还需要必要的配套服务，比如通过phpmyadmin来管理我们的网站数据库。

如果是Apache服务器，我们通过虚拟主机或者UserDir，可以很简单的实现上述要求，

在Nginx，没有虚拟主机与UserDir的概念，但这些功能可以通过Location匹配来实现。

注意，centos6.5的nginx的配置文件在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，它包含引进所有/etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf文件

1. 实现UserDir功能

假设我们有域名 qiais.com, 我们的网站主程序正在使用此域名，

另外，我们还想通过 http://qiais.com/phpmyadmin 来管理我们的数据库

我们可以通过以下配置来实现

# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 

#
# The default server
#
server {
    listen       80 default_server;
    server_name  qiais.com;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        #root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        root   /var/www/html/html;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        auth_basic "Restricted Area";
        auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/conf.d/.htpasswd;
    }

    error_page  404              /404.html;
    location = /404.html {
        #root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        root   /var/www/html/html;
    }

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        #root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        root   /var/www/html/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /var/www/html/html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}

    location /phpmyadmin {
        root /home/sai/public_html;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;
        location ~ ^/phpmyadmin/(.+\.php)$ {
            try_files $uri =404;
            root /home/sai/public_html;
            fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
        }
        location ~* ^/phpmyadmin/(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|html|xml|txt))$ {
            root /home/sai/public_html;
        }
    }

location / {
#root /usr/share/nginx/html;
root /var/www/html/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
auth_basic “Restricted Area”;
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/conf.d/.htpasswd;
}

这段代码是配置我们主网站用的：http://qiais.com

location /phpmyadmin {
root /home/sai/public_html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
location ~ ^/phpmyadmin/(.+\.php)$ {
try_files $uri =404;
root /home/sai/public_html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
}
location ~* ^/phpmyadmin/(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|html|xml|txt))$ {
root /home/sai/public_html;
}
}

这段代码是配置我们phpmyadmin用的：http://qiais.com/phpmyadmin,

当然，你需要将phpmyadmin的文件上传到/home/sai/public_html/phpmyadmin文件夹中。

2. 实现类似与虚拟主机的功能

这个很简单，只要从上述default.conf文件拷贝成新的配置文件，修改其中的server_name就可以了。

# cp /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/phpmyadmin.conf
# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/phpmyadmin.conf

#
# The default server
#
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  phpmyadmin.qiais.com;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /home/sai/public_html/phpmyadmin;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    }

    error_page  404              /404.html;
    location = /404.html {
        root   /home/sai/public_html/phpmyadmin;
    }

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        #root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        root   /home/sai/public_html/phpmyadmin;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /home/sai/public_html/phpmyadmin;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

这样，访问 http://phpmyadmin.qiais.com 同样可以看到我们数据库管理界面。